Borrelia Persistence After Antibiotic Treatment

Isolation of live Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes from patients with undefined disorders and symptoms not typical for Lyme borreliosis
N Rudenko, M Golovchenko, M Vancova, K Clark, L Grubhoffer, J H Oliver Jr
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016 Mar;22(3):267.e9-15. Epub 2015 Dec 8. PMID: 26673735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.11.009

Symptom load and general function among patients with erythema migrans: a prospective study with a 1-year follow-up after antibiotic treatment in Norwegian general practice
Knut Eirik Eliassen, Reidar Hjetland, Harald Reiso, Morten Lindbæk, Hedda Tschudi-Madsen
Scand J Prim Health Care. 2017 Mar;35(1):75-83. Epub 2017 Feb 28. PMID: 28277054, PMCID: PMC5361422, DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2017.1288812

The Long-Term Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi Antigens and DNA in the Tissues of a Patient with Lyme Disease
Eva Sapi, Rumanah S Kasliwala, Hebo Ismail, Jason P Torres, Michael Oldakowski, Sarah Markland, Gauri Gaur, Anthony Melillo, Klaus Eisendle, Kenneth B Liegner, Jenny Libien, James E Goldman
Antibiotics (Basel) 2019 Oct 11;8(4):183. PMID: 31614557, PMCID: PMC6963883, DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040183

Post-treatment Lyme disease symptoms score: Developing a new tool for research
Siu P. Turk, Keith Lumbard, Kelly Liepshutz, Carla Williams, Linden Hu, Kenneth Dardick, Gary P. Wormser, Joshua Norville, Carol Scavarda, Donna McKenna, Dean Follmann, Adriana Marques
Published: November 11, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225012.

Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi nucleic acids after antibiotic treatment does not confirm viability
Radha Iyer, Priyanka Mukherjee, Kemeng Wang, Joshua Simons, Gary P Wormser, Ira Schwartz
J Clin Microbiol. 2013 Mar;51(3):857-862. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02785-12. Epub 2012 Dec 26. PMID: 23269733, PMCID: PMC3592055, DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02785-12

Persistent Borrelia Infection in Patients with Ongoing Symptoms of Lyme Disease
Marianne J Middelveen, Eva Sapi, Jennie Burke, Katherine R Filush, Agustin Franco, Melissa C Fesler, Raphael B Stricker
Healthcare (Basel) 2018 Apr 14;6(2):33. doi: 10.3390/healthcare6020033. PMID: 29662016, PMCID: PMC6023324, DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6020033

The Clinical, Symptom, and Quality-of-Life Characterization of a Well-Defined Group of Patients with Posttreatment Lyme Disease Syndrome
Alison W Rebman, Kathleen T Bechtold, Ting Yang, Erica A Mihm, Mark J Soloski, Cheryl B Novak, John N Aucott
Front Med (Lausanne). 2017 Dec 14;4:224. PMID: 29312942, PMCID: PMC5735370, DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00224

European neuroborreliosis: neuropsychological findings 30 months post-treatment
Eikeland R, Ljøstad U, Mygland A, Herlofson K, Løhaugen GC
Eur J Neurol. 2012 Mar;19(3):480-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03563.x. Epub 2011 Oct 15. PMID: 21999112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03563.x